Dr. Stephen West

PhD
Assistant Professor

Stephen West

Dr. Stephen West is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Kinesiology and a member of the Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre. Originally from Ireland, he earned his Bachelor’s degree in Sport Science and Health from Dublin City University before completing his PhD at the University of Bath in 2019. His doctoral research focused on injury epidemiology and training load management in professional rugby players. Stephen completed his post-doctoral training at the Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, with a focus on injury prevention in youth rugby, followed by three-years at the University of Bath as a lecturer in Injury Prevention. Stephen’s current research examines risk factors for injury and concussion in athletes, with his work focusing on training strategies, policy changes and protective equipment.

Awards and Distinctions

2021-2023 CIHR Postdoctoral Fellowship

2020 O’Brien Institute for Public Health Postdoctoral Scholarship

Publications

Publications

  1. Heming, E., West, S.W. Patterson, B. Bullock, G.S. McHugh, T-L. Shill, I.J. Bruder, A.M. Kolstad, A.T. McKay, C.D. Moller, M. Crossley, K., Emery, C.A. Raising girls in sport: unique considerations for injury prevention. British Journal of Sports Medicine. (Ahead of Print)
  2. West. S.W., Ward, P., Plisky, P., Beiting, J., Martin, C., Losciale, J.M., Stizel, J., Marshall, S., Butler, R., Morrison, S., Bullock, G. Getting the most from your data: Using Statistical Process Controls for Data Quality Assurance in Sport Science Data. Journal of Sports Sciences.
  3. West, S.W. Hendricks, S., Cumming, S.P., Dane, K., O’Connor, S., Jones, B., Patterson, B., Kolstad, A.T., Broglio, S., Emery, C.A. McKay, C.D. The Contact Conundrum: Are We Introducing Contact at the Correct Time in Youth Sports? Sports Medicine.
  4. Dane. K., West, S.W., Quarrie, K., Yeomans, C., McLeod, S., Wilson, F., Hendricks, S., Jones, B., Connors, W., van Dyk, N., Ventresque, A. Tackle Safety in rugby: what guidance exists? A qualitative document analysis of publicly available guidelines among national and international rugby organisations. Injury Prevention.
  5. Roberts, S.P., West, S.W., Hancock, M., Barden, C., Powell, J., Brown, J.C., White, V., Shill, I.J., McKay, C., Stokes, K.A. Effect of lowering the maximum tackle height in English Schoolboy rugby union on tackle characteristics, and all-injury and concussion rates. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport.
  6. Shill, I.J., West, S.W., Galarneau, J-M., Omokuale, J.., Hendricks, S., Pike, I., Palmer, D., Stokes, K.A., Hagel, B.E. & Emery, C.A. Tackle-characteristics and suspected-concussion: Recommendations to improve high school girls’ rugby tackle safety. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine.
  7. Porter, L., West, S.W., Behan, S. & O’Connor, S. A video analysis of suspected injuries and suspected concussions in Elite Ladies Gaelic Football Matches. Sports Health.
  8. Knight, G., Colbert, L., Heyward, O., Jones, B., Emery, C.A. Roberts, S., Stokes, K.A. & West, S.W. Adolescent Female Rugby Union Players’ Attitudes, Beliefs, Knowledge and Behaviours Towards Injury and Injury Prevention Strategies in England. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine.
  9. Shill, I., Shepherd, H.A., Eliason, P., Kolstad, A.T., Heyward, O., Martens, G., Peek, K., Soligon, C.A., King, M.G., West, S.W., Ahmed, O.H., Blauwet, C., Broglio, S., Chintoh, A., Galarneau, J-M., Hayden, A., Hendricks, S., Makdissi, M., Palmer, D., Sick, S., Whitaker, J., Crossley, K.M., Schneider, K.J., Emery, C.A. Prevention strategies and modifiable risk factors for concussion: A systematic review and meta-analysis for the Female, woman and girl Athlete Injury pRevention (FAIR) consensus. British Journal of Sports Medicine. (In Press)
  10. West, S.W. Bovington, J., Dale, J., Alexander, T., Keogh, A. & Holden, S. Does the format matter? A cross-sectional analysis of injury patterns across the different versions of field hockey. Frontiers in Sport and Active Living.
  11. Petrie, F.J., Woodward, J.S., McLeod, S., West, S.W., Salmon, D., Gardner, A., Shill, I.J., Romanchuk, J., Dane, K., Kithcin, M., Jones, B., Mackintosh, K.A., Starbuck, C., Hendricks, S., Phillips, G., Jones, S., Tierney, G.&  McNarry, M. Falling and Landing Framework (FLF): A Consensus on a Novel Falling and Landing Video Analysis Framework for Use Across Rugby Codes. European Journal of Sport Science. 25 (8).
  12. Stokes, K.A. Locke, D., Roberts, S., Griffin, S., West, S.W., Jones, B., Cross, M., Kemp, S., Williams, S. Tackle characteristics associated with concussion in elite men’s rugby union: unpicking the differences between tacklers and ball carriers. BMJ Open SEM. [In Press].
  13. Dane, K.., Rushe, E., Connors, W., West, S.W., Hendricks, S., Laurent, T., Simms, C., Wilson, F. & Ventresque, A. Decoding the tackle: Using a Machine Learning approach to understand direct head contact events in Elite Women's Rugby. Injury Prevention. [In Press].
  14. West, S.W., Heming, E., Klassen, C., Lewis, K., Emery, C.A. Whistleblower: The front line and critical facilitator for injury prevention policy? Injury Prevention.
  15. Hendricks, S., Kemp, S.P.T., Den Hollander, S. Jones, B., Scantlebury, S., Barron, D., Mackreth, N., Owen, C., Weaving, D., Kilding, A., Lambert, M., O’Reilly, J., Spencer, K, Tee, J., McKnight, F., Tucker, R., Stokes, K., Dane, K., West, S.W. Vaz, L.M.T. & Till, K. Tackle height and tackle success - an analysis of 52 204 tackle events. European Journal of Sports Sciences.(In Press).
  16. Hendricks, S., Naughton, M., Salmon, P.M., West, S.W., Paul, L., Jones, B., Brown, J.C., Badenhorst, M., Dane, K., Shill, I.J., Emery, C.A. McLean, S. ‘Tackling” safety through a systems thinking approach: building safety culture within sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine (In Press).
  17. McLeod, S., West, S.W., Dane, K., Tadmor, D., Jones, B., Lee, J., Iverson, G.L. & Gardner, A.J. “Win at all Costs”: Disclosure of Possible Concussions in National Rugby League Women’s Premiership Players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. (In Press)
  18. Skudder, G., O’Halloran, P., McLeod, S., Bullock, G., Emery, C.A. West, S.W. Where’s your head at? Perceptions and utilisation of concussion prevention and rehabilitation strategies in women and men’s rugby union. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport.
  19. Price, T.M., West, S.W. Shill, I., Hendricks, S., Stokes, K.A., Emery, C.A. A comparison of suspected injuries, suspected concussions, and match events in male and female Canadian high-school 15s and 7s rugby. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. (In Press)
  20. Fehr, C.J., West, S.W., Hagel, B.E., Goulet, C. & Emery, C.A. 2024. Head contact and suspected concussion rates in university basketball: Are head contact penalties a target for prevention. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. (Online first)
  21. Leese, R., Kolstad, A., Sant’Anna, R.T., McKay, C.D. & West, S.W.  High Tackle Headache: Implications of Referee Agreement for Tackle Height Law Change. British Medical Journal Open: Sport and Exercise Medicine (In Press)
  22. Dane, K. West, S.W., Simms, C., Hendricks, S., Van Dyk, N., Connors, W., Ventresque, A. & Wilson, F. Are recommended tackle techniques associated with superior performance outcomes?  A retrospective video analysis study of Elite Women’s Rugby Union. 2024. Journal of Sports Sciences. 29, 1-10.
  23. West, S.W. Hudson, S.J., Starling, L., Cross, M.J. Williams, S. McKay, C., Cazzola, D., Brooks, J.M., Murray, R., Williams, A.M., Kemp, S.P.T., Stokes, K.A. Twenty Year Analysis of Men’s Rugby Union Knee Injuries from The English Premiership Shows High Rates and Burden. 2024 British Journal of Sports Medicine. 58 (24): 1496-1504.
  24. Shill, I.J., Galarneau, J-M., Hendricks, S., Hagel, B.E., Emery, C.A & West, S.W. Tackle Characteristics associated with suspected concussion in female varsity rugby union: A case-control video analysis study. 2024. 3International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport.
  25. West, S.W., Shrier, I., Impellizzeri, F., Clubb, J., Ward, P. & Bullock, G. Training Load Management Ambiguities and Flawed Logic: Creating Consequences in Sport Training and Performance. International Journal of Sport Physiology and Performance. 10. 1-4.
  26. Behardien, M., Ganda, J., Dane, K., West, S.W.,  Emery, C.A., Jones, B., Hendricks, S. Paving the path for injury prevention in rugby-7s: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2024. European Journal of Sport Science. 24(9): 1209-1227.
  27. Fehr, C.J., West, S.W., Hagel, B.E., & Emery, C.A. 2024. Head contact and suspected concussion rates in youth basketball: Time to target head contact penalties for prevention. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. (online first)
  28. West, S.W., Clubb, J., Blake, T.A., Fern, J., Bowles, H. & Dalen-Lorentsen, T. 2024. Big data. Big potential. Big problems? British Medical Journal Open: Sport and Exercise Medicine. Online ahead of print. doi:10.1136/ bmjsem-2024-001994
  29. Hemming, E., Kolstad, A.T., West, S.W., Williamson, R.A., Sobry, A.J., Russell, K., Goulet, C. & Emery, C.A. 2024. Time to Ring in the Body Checking, Head Contact, and Suspected Injury Rates in Youth Ringette: A Video-Analysis Study in Youth Ringette and Female Ice Hockey. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. (online first)
  30. Dane, K. West, S.W., Hendricks, S., Simms, C., Van Dyk, N., Connors, W., & Wilson, F. 2024. Are we tackle ready? Cross-sectional video analysis of match tackle characteristics in elite women's Rugby Union European Journal of Sport Sciences. 24 (7): 999-1009.. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12120
  31. Dane, K., West, S.W., Hendricks, S., Stodter, A., Yeomans, C., van Dyk, N., Griffin, S., Simms, C. & Wilson, F. 2024. A global survey exploring tackle training knowledge, attitudes and practices of women's rugby union coaches. International Journal of Sport Science and Coaching. 19(4). 1429-1442. DOI: 10.1177/17479541241243180
  32. Roberts, S., Williams, S., West, S.W., Kemp, S.P.T., Cross, M., Moore, I., Bitchell, C.L., Mathema, P., Quarrie, K., Fortington, L., Rubio del Castillo, E., Readhead, C., Sewry, N., Falvey, E., Tucker, R. & Stokes, K.A. 2024. Injury in starting and replacement players from five professional men’s rugby unions. Sports Medicine. 54 (8): 2157-2167.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02014-3
  33. Tucker, R., Cross, M.J., Stokes, K.A., Starling, L., Hyman, R., Kemp, S.P.T., West, S.W.,  Raftery., Falvey, E. & Brown, J. 2024. Symptom presentation and evolution in the first 48 hours after injury are associated with return to play after concussion in elite Rugby Union. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport. 13(3): 387-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.005
  34. Shill, I.J., West, S.W., Sick, S., Schneider, K., Hagel, B.E., Pasanen, K., Wiley, P., Black, A.M. & Emery, C.A. 2024. Significant difference in injury and concussion rates in female and male youth rugby: A step towards targeted prevention strategies. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Online ahead of print. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106929
  35. Hendricks, S., Emery, C.A., Jones, B., Brown, J.C., Dane, K., West, S.W., Stokes, K.A., Richie Gray. & Tucker, R. Tackling Rugby safety through a collective approach. 2023. British Journal of Sports Medicine.57 (10): 562-563. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-107020
  36. Gibson, E.S., Eliason, P.H., West, S.W., Black, A.M., Lebrun, C., Emery, C.A. & Pasenan, K. 2024. Shoulder Check: Investigating Shoulder Injury Rates, Types, Severity, Mechanisms, and Risk Factors in Canadian Youth Ice Hockey. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 34 (2):121-126. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001169.
  37. Eliason, P., Galarneau, J-M., Kolstad, A., Pankow, P., West, S.W., Bailey, S., Miutz, L., Black, A.M., Broglio, S.P., Davis, G.A., Hagel, B., Smirl, J., Stokes, K., Takagi, M., Tucker, R., Webborn, N., Zemek, R., Hayden, K.A., Schneider, K.J. & Emery, C.A. 2023. Prevention strategies and modifiable risk factors for sport-related concussions and head impacts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 57 (12):749-76. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106656.
  38. McLeod, S., Tucker, R., Edwards, S., Jones, B., Osteo, G.P.B., Spiegelhalter, E., West, S.W., Iverson, G.L. & Gardner, A.J. 2023. A case-control study of tackle-based head injury event (HIE) risk factors from the first three-seasons of the National Rugby League Women’s Competition. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1080356.
  39. West, S.W., Shill, I.J., Bailey, S., Syrydiuk, R.A., Hayden, A., Palmer, D., Black, A.M., Hagel, B.E., Stokes, K.A., Emery, C.A. 2023. A systematic review and meta-analysis to inform injury rates, mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention strategies in youth rugby union: What’s all the ruck-us about? Sports Medicine. 53: 1375-1393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01826-z
  40. West, S.W., Shill, I.J., Sick, S., Schneider, K., Hagel, B.E., Pasanen, K., Wiley, P., Emery, C.A., & Black, A.M. 2023. It takes two to tango: High rates of injury and concussion in ball carriers and tacklers in high school boys’ rugby. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001118
  41. Hemming, E., Sobry, A.J., Cairo, A., Williamson, R.A., Kolstad, A.T., West, S.W. & Emery, C.A. Higher rates of head contacts and injuries in Ringette than Female Ice Hockey: Time to Ring it in, an opportunity for prevention. 2023. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 33 (2): 151-156. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001089.
  42. Williams, S., Kay, E., Bryan, R., Lambert, M., Cross, M., West, S.W., Kemp, S., Stokes, K.A. 2023. The influence of match exposure on injury risk in elite men’s rugby union. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 26 (1): 25-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.10.016.
  43. Whatman, C., Van den Berg, C., West, S.W., Eliason, P., Black, A., Emery, C.A. Sport specialization, participation volume and injury history (including concussion) in Canadian high school students. 2023. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 33(3): 233- 238. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001100
  44. Robertson, C.M., Williams, S., West, S.W., Starling, L., Kemp, S., Stokes, K.A. A retrospective cohort study on the influence of playing surface on match injury risk in men’s professional rugby (2013-2019). 2022. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport. 32 (11): 1615- 1624. doi: 10.1111/sms.14226
  45. Mc Cormack, S., Till, K., Wenlock, J. Stokes, K., Bitcon, M., Brown, J., Cross, M., Davies, P., Falvey, E., Flahive, S., Gardner, A., Hendricks, S., Johnston, R., Mellalieu, S., Phillips, G., Ramirez, C., Stein, J., Scantlebury, S., West, S.W., Jones, B. Contributors to Negative Biopsychosocial Health of Performance Outcomes in Rugby Players (CoNBO): A systematic review and Delphi Study Protocol. 2022. British Medical Journal Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 8 (4).doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001440.
  46. West, S.W., Pankow, M.P., Gibson, E., Eliason, P.H., Black, A.M. & Emery, C.A. Injuries in Canadian high school boys collision sports: Insights across football, ice hockey, lacrosse and rugby. 2023. Sport Sciences for Health. 19: 1129-1137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-022-00999-w
  47. West, S.W., Shill, I.J., Sutter, B., George, J., Ainsworth, N., Wiley, J.P., Patricios, J. & Emery, C.A. Caught on camera: A video assessment of suspected concussion and other injury events in female rugby union. 2022. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 25 (10): 805-809. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.07.008
  48. Dane, K., Simms, C., Hendricks, S., West, S.W., Griffin, S., Nugent, F., Farrell, G., Mockler, D. & Wilson, F. 2022. Physical and technical demands and preparatory strategies in female field collision sports: a scoping review. International Journal of Sports Medicine.43 (14):1173-182.  DOI: 10.1055/a-1839-6040.
  49. Starling, L.T., McKay, C., Cross, M.J., Kemp, S.P.T., West, S.W. & Stokes, K.A. Prolonged restricted training, fixture congestion and player rotation: What the COVID-19 pandemic taught us about injury risk in professional collision sport. 2022 Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 25(6): 480-485. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.03.012
  50. Williams, S., Robertson, C., Starling, L., McKay, C., West, S.W., Brown, J. & Stokes, K.A. Injuries in elite men’s Rugby Union: an updated (2012-2020) meta-analysis of 19,877 injury events. 2021. Sports Medicine. 52(5): 1127-1140.  DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01603-w
  51. Shill, I.J., West, S.W., Sick, S., Schneider, K., Hagel, B.E., Pasanen, K., Wiley, P., Emery, C.A., & Black, A.M. Injuries and concussions in Female High School Rugby: Prevention is worth a try. 2022. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 32 (5): 508-516. DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000993
  52. West, S.W., Shill, I.J., Clermont, C., Pavlovic, N., Cairns, J., Seselja, B., Hancock, M., Roberts, S.P., Hendricks, S., & Emery, C.A. Same name, same game, but is it different? An investigation of female rugby union match events in Canadian Varsity players. 2021. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching. 17(5): 1119-1127. DOI: 10.1177/17479541211051961
  53. West, S.W., Cross, M., Trewartha, G., Taylor, A., Brooks, J., Kemp, S.P.T., Locke, D., Ahmed, O. & Stokes, K.A. Trends in Match Concussion Incidence and Return-to-Play Time in Male Professional Rugby Union: A 16-season prospective cohort study. 2021. Brain Injury. 35 (10): 1235-1244. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2021.1972142
  54. West, S.W., Williams, S., Tierney, P., Batchelor, T., Cross, M., Kemp, S.P.T. & Stokes, KA. Training and match load in professional rugby union: How do contextual factors influence the training week? 2021. South African Journal of Sports Medicine. 33 (1). DOI:  10.17159/2078-516X/2021/v33i1a9509
  55. Shill, I., Raisanen, A., Black, A.M., van den Berg, C., McKay, C., Barden, C., West, S.W., Pasanen, K., Hagel, B.E. & Emery, C.A. Canadian high school rugby coaches readiness for an injury prevention strategy implementation: Evaluating a Train-the Coach workshop. 2021. Frontiers in sports and active living. E-collection. DOI=10.3389/fspor.2021.672603    
  56. Stokes, K.A., Cross, M., Williams, S., McKay, C., Hagel, B.E, West, S.W., Roberts, S.P., Sant’Anna, R.T., Morrison, E., Kemp, S.P.T. Padded Headgear does not Reduce the Incidence of Match Concussions in Professional Men’s Rugby Union: A Case-control study of 417 Cases. 2021. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 42 (10): 930-935. DOI: 10.1055/a-1345-9163.
  57. West, S.W., Williams,S., Cazzola, D., Kemp, S., Cross, M. & Stokes, K. Training Load and Injury Risk in Elite Rugby Union: The Largest Investigation to Date. 2021 International Journal of Sports Medicine.. 42 (8): 731-739. DOI: 10.1055/a-1300-2703.
  58. West, S.W., Clubb, J., Torres-Ronda, L., Howells, D., Leng, E., Vescovi, J., Carmody, S., Posthumus, M., Dalen-Lorentsen, T. & Windt, J. More than a metric: How Training Load in Used in Elite Sport for Athlete Management. 2021. International Journal of Sports Medicine.. 42 (4); 300-306. DOI: 10.1055/a-1268-8791.
  59. West. S.W, Starling, L., Kemp, S., Williams, S., Cross, M., Taylor, A., Brooks, J.& Stokes, K.A. Trends in match injury risk in professional male rugby union: a 16 season review of 10851 match injuries in the English Premiership (2002-2019): the Professional Rugby Injury Surveillance Project. 2021. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 55(12) 676-682. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102529.
  60. West, S.W, Williams, S., Kemp, S., Eager, R., Cross, M. & Stokes, K. Training Load, Injury Burden, and Team Success in Professional Rugby Union: Risk Versus Reward. 2020. Journal of Athletic Training. 55(9); 960-966.
  61. Stokes, K.A., Jones, B., Close, G., Gill, N.D., Hull, J., Kasper, A., Kemp, S.P.T., Mellalieu, S., Peirce, N., Stewart, B., Wall, B., West, S.W. & Cross, M.J. Returning to Play after Prolonged Training Restrictions in Professional Collision Sports. 2020. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 41(13): 895-911
  62. West. S.W., Williams, S., Kemp, S., Cross, M., McKay, C., Fuller, C., Taylor, A., Brooks, J.& Stokes, K. Patterns of training volume and injury risk in elite rugby union: an analysis of 1.5 million hours of training exposure over 11 seasons. 2020. Journal of Sport Sciences. 38(3): 1-10.
  63. West, S.W., Williams, S., Kemp, S., Cross, M. & Stokes, K. Athlete Monitoring in Rugby Union: Is Heterogeneity in Data Capture holding us back? 2019. Sports. 7(5): 98-108.
  64. Williams, S., West, S.W., Howells, D., Mobed. R., Kemp, S. & Stokes, K. Modelling the HRV response to training loads in elite rugby sevens. 2018. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 17 (3): 402-408.
  65. Williams, S., West, S.W., Cross, M.J. & Stokes, K.A. Better way to determine the acute: chronic workload ratio? 2017. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51: 209-210.

Book Chapter:

  1. McKay, C.D. & West, S.W. Stress, coping and the missing link in training load: Camel, meet straw. In The Mental Impact of Sports Injury by Carly McKay. Routledge, 2021. 

Published Conference Abstracts

  1. West, S.W., Shill, I.J. & Emery, C.A. Pivoting in a pandemic: opportunities for injury surveillance using video analysis in sport. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2022. Accepted at: SportsKongres
  2. West, S.W., Pankow, M.P., Gibson, E., Eliason, P.H., Black, A.M. & Emery, C.A. Injuries in Canadian high school boys collision sports: Insights across football, ice hockey, lacrosse and rugby. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021. [In Press]. Accepted at: International Olympic Committee World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport 2021.
  3. West, S.W., Shill, I.J., Patricios, J., Ainsworth, N., Everett, A., George, J., Sutter, B., Wiley, P., & Emery, C.A. Narrowing the gender gap in rugby injury epidemiology: A novel video-analysis study in the women’s game. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021. [In Press]. Accepted at: International Olympic Committee World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport 2021.
  4. West, S.W., Williams, S., Cazzola, D., Cross, M., Kemp, S.P.T. & Stokes, K.A. Training load and other risk factors for soft tissue injury risk in professional rugby union: a 13 team, 2-season study of 383 injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020; 54 (Suppl 1), A45. Accepted at: International Olympic Committee World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport 2021.
  5. West, S.W., Williams, S., Cazzola, D., Cross, M., Kemp, S.P.T. & Stokes, K.A. The acute: chronic workload ratio: Why one size does not fit all. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020; 54 (Suppl 1), A62. Accepted at: International Olympic Committee World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport 2021.

Contact

Email

stephen.west@ucalgary.ca

Address

Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre
University of Calgary
2500 University Dr. NW
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
T2N 1N4